Modern constitutional engineering are now moving beyond educated guesses and pure thought experiments. In the early 21st century, international collaboration between electoral researchers have made it possible to empirically evaluate effects of constitutions and electoral laws on individual voting behaviour. Normative beliefs deduced from democratic theories can now be made subject to empirical testing in a systematic way. What kind of institutional arrangements can actually generate the normatively desired traits and behaviours of democratic citizens? The project aims to address these questions, combining macro data about constitutions and electoral laws with micro data on voting behaviour from some thirty countries throughout the world. The data have been collected within the framework of the international project Comparative Study of Electoral Studies. The results will be reported as chapters in international books.