Emotions incorporate feelings and bodily activations. We feel an emotion when the body reacts, e.g. with heart-rate increases and escape tendencies. The felt and the bodily components of emotion, however, are often dissociated. Traditionally, psychologists have (with little evidence) assumed that concordance between feeling and bodily responses is characteristic of well-functioning individuals. The purpose of this project is to examine the relationship between conscious expectancies and bodily responses during simple emotional learning. For example, a controversial question in this area is whether it is possible to associate emotional responses with new stimuli without understanding what is happening. Participants in the experiments will be exposed to simple Pavlovian conditioning situations in which visual stimuli are presented in conjunction with slightly aversive stimuli. The relationship between the stimuli will be concealed, either through embedding them in a distracting task or through backward masked presentation of the visual stimuli (which thus will not be consciously perceived). Felt emotions as well as awareness of stimulus relationships will be assessed by self-rating. Bodily responses will be measured by psychophysiological measures, including regional cerebral blood flow for localizing brain correlates of feelings and bodily reactions. The project will provide important information about fundamental emotional processes that are important in psychiatric contexts such as anxiety syndromes.