This project studies all toponyms in the governorate of Kafr el-Sheikh in Egypt in the Northern Nile Delta. The various cultures and languages which have succeeded each other in this area (Egyptian, Coptic, Greek, Arabic) have left their imprint in shape of toponyms telling us about the landscape of the past. As it has been shown, not the least through research in Scandinavia, toponyms are a vital source for understanding the cultural history of any area, especially when there are few ancient written records, which is the case of Kafr el-Sheikh. Physical characteristics or the function of a place often determine its name, the analysis of which can yield a wealth of information. They often reflect social organization as well as religious beliefs. In the project special emphasis is placed on pre-Arabic toponyms, for which, to a certain extent, etymologies will be proposed in accordance with known rules of forming toponyms. The analysed material is collected in British and Egyptian archives and during field studies in the area. Obviously the researcher needs to be familiar with the geography of the area under study. All sites will therefore be visited in at least two districts, where the number of ancient toponyms seems unusually high. There have been few archaeological excavations in the governorate of Kafr el-Sheikh and organic remains are quickly destroyed through moisture. The results of the project will thus be important in reconstructing its history.