he demographic history of Europeans has been a debated topic for centuries. Archaeology has established a chronological and geographical picture of the cultural and social development but the actual demographic development is still unknown. But with the revolution in high-throughput sequencing,ancient DNA becomes useful in detecting and dating demographic events in the history of populations. Evidence of migrations and other types of demographic events may indeed be preserved in ancient human bones and with a sufficient set of ancient human genomes, providing good representation of all chronological periods, our understanding of the demographic development would be very different. We will sample 400 individuals excavated in present-day Sweden dating from the Mesolithic Stone Age to the late Iron Age/Early Medieval period. Out of these samples, 25 individuals will be selected for deep-sequence analyses to a 10xcoverage. The results will be compiled in the Atlas of ancient Scandinavian human remains available through the Web. The program will adopt a multidisciplinary approach by combining tools from Molecular and Population Genetics, Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, and Computational Biology in order to bridge the gap between Natural science and Humanities. The multidisciplinary approach will be instrumental for selecting and investigating samples, and the execution of the specific research projects on demography during prehistory.