From mid-19th century, Socialism has spread over the globe, with profound impact on societies, cultures and worldviews. While the ideas and political history of Socialism is well known, this is not the case with aesthetic, mythic and existential aspects. In "Morgonrodnad. Socialismens stil och mytologi 1871-1914" (published this year) I applied concepts and perspectives from the history of religions to the mythical, ritual and "spiritual" motivations in the "socialist idealism" of the era. Now I intend to write a subsequent volume in a series about socialist style and mythology, dealing with the interwar period. The well-known culture and mythology of social democratic and communist parties will not be in focus. Instead a "romantic socialism", in which Wagner, Nietzsche, Bergson and Sorel were greater heroes than Marx and Darwin, is highlighted. This tradition of "the losing socialists" oscillated between, on the one hand, lofty ideals in which the classless society was imagined as a Gesamtkunstwerk and, on the other hand, primitivist tendencies that disallowed belief in reason and progress and instead turn to dark desires. After an opening chapter on the importance of Wagnerism for leading Bolsheviks, the succeeding analysis will deal with "Dionysian socialism" among Austro-Marxists, romantic anarchism in Bavaria, the symbolic universe of life reform in a bohemian community, and efforts by French surrealists to create a new myth that might defeat Nazism with its own means.